Kentucky bluegrass, Fescue, Rye and Bent, etc. Individual performance of varieties within each classification may vary widely and require comparative regional test results to determine the best performing variety. Near perfect resistance to dollar spot, leaf spot and stem rust; Tops in NTEP shade trial; Excellent dark green color; Compact growth habit excellent for use in low mowing environments; SKU. ” Read more less $82. ‘Midnight’, ‘Everest’ and ‘Bewitched’ are the varieties of Kentucky bluegrass, and ‘Radar’ is the variety of chewings fescue. ROYAL BLUE™ Product Page | Case Study: Pepperdine overseeding with Kentucky Blue-grass. ), fescues (Festuca spp. Judging by the descriptions, it's a bit difficult for a "newbie" to discern what exactly the pros, and more importantly the cons, are between the three cultivars. Add Nitrogen fertilizer in mid- to late-summer. 3 - 0. 70 Select options; Sold out! Turf Blue HGT Kentucky Bluegrass Blend Read more; ECO SEED™ (Low Grow Fescue) Mix From $ 44. Has a high degree of heat and drought tolerance. Cool season member lawn journals. ” Drought-resistant, highly wear tolerant, and resistant to disease, Bewitched is an exceptionally hardy turfgrass, able to withstand the punishment of heavy use. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. Therefore, enhanced genetic diversity in Just FYI, as mentioned above by Pway, the Pawnee Buttes 2021 price list that I just received in the mail lists a number of Kentucky Bluegrass cultivars that are popular ones amongst readers here: Bewitched, Certified Sod Quality: $4. Kentucky Bluegrass ™ Technical Information After Midnight is carrying on the Midnight tradition of excellent quality with improvements that make it even more versatile than the original. KBBEWITBT50. S. In contrast, a purity test for Certified seed requires examination of a minimum of just 2,500 seeds, which is approximately 1 gram of bluegrass seed. Jump to page:. Download PDF. comThe Lawn Forum. Mazama Kentucky Bluegrass. Moonlight SLT Kentucky Bluegrass: $4. 20 Select options Mazama Kentucky Bluegrass From $. Blue Note. 0 Items:. Post by __JT__ » October 7th, 2016, 8:05 amCompared to drill cuttings (Zhu et al. Performance of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars and selections in a turf trial Sept. Tirem was selected for its deep roots and exceptional performance in drought conditions. The damn landscaper must have had some seed from the. This varies throughout the season and can be inversely proportional to irrigation frequency. Weight. A community for the DIY lawn enthusiast. /1000 square feetKentucky BlueGrass – Bewitched • From Major League Baseball fields to municipal parks to backyards, Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass has proven itself on a variety of “fields of play” •Drought resistant, highly wear tolerant, and resistant to disease, Bewitched is an exceptionally hardy turfgrass, able to withstand the punishment of heavy useGardens_Nursery. 0 7. Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass 19. That said, grass has a wide tolerance, and there are. Add to Cart . Shade tolerant but loves the sun too! Price List; Seed. The lot required a ton of work in terms of tree clearing, culvert addition, and fill dirt to bring up. Low Score. Post by jcs43920 » June 3rd, 2019, 12:56 pmLawn Seed; Forage Seed; Deer/Food Plot - Wildlife Seed; Call us (716) 895-7333. Author: Will Created Date: 3/21/2022 4:26:09 PM. Seeds were germinated on 1% agar medium, on germination paper, or in a. Platinum Quality™ (Exceeds Certified Quality Standards) 98% Minimum Purity; 0. Low Score *LSD. It should have a slow-release form of nitrogen. 5 lbs. kbgfarmer Posts: 485 Joined: July 21st, 2016, 10:35 am Location: Verona, WI Grass Type: Bewitched Kentucky bluegrass Lawn Size: 20000-1 acre Level: Some Experience. This grass seed will thrive in lawns that receive up to 4 to 6 hours of sun. Add to Cart . KBBEWITBT1. 'Midnight' is an apt description of the dark blue-green color that one can expect from Midnight Kentucky Bluegrass, as it's one of the darkest varieties available. I have now moved and am looking to renovate my new lawn. Rated among top. ft. Cool season member lawn journals. 05/lb. Tirem also maintains winter colour remarkably well. Grass Type: Bewitched Kentucky bluegrass Lawn Size: 20000-1 acre Level: Some Experience. Barduke was also bred with high turf. LSD* High Input (a) 6. ‘Zoom’ perennial ryegrass yielded similar root dry weights as ‘Bewitched’ Kentucky bluegrass and the fine fescues except ‘Reliant IV’ hard fescue and ‘Marco Polo’ sheep fescue (Table 7). 692 posts Page 25 of 35. Tri Fescue tall fescue blend is composed of three tall fescues varieties selected for color, turf quality, and survivability under adverse conditions. Some popular varieties include Midnight, Bewitched, and Award. Tirem was selected for its deep roots and exceptional performance in drought conditions. I live in Wisconsin and planted KBG (Bewitched and Midnight Cultivar). Kentucky bluegrass, Fescue, Rye and Bent, etc. We wont have Blueberry or Bewitched in stock again until spring 2021. Lawn Seed; Forage Seed; Deer/Food Plot - Wildlife Seed; Call us (716) 895-7333. Email us [email protected]/lb. 5 to 3. 0 5. Cool season member lawn journals. From my first home(Pic of my oldest daughter. Three months ago I began preparations to do a small renovation to part of my backyard. Bluegrass Test 2022 Data / Management Information 2021 Data / Management Information. Started out clearing out this one bed. 00Salinity tolerance of 12 turfgrasses in four groups, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L. Kentucky bluegrass, Fescue, Rye and Bent, etc. The. Jump to Latest FollowPete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. 50 - $355. Shade tolerant but loves the sun too! Cardinal II Creeping Red Fescue. Bewitched Description Kentucky Bluegrass is a perennial, cool season, sod forming grass that spreads by underground runners called rhizomes. Noble is an excellent Kentucky Bluegrass for use in Elite Kentucky Bluegrass mixes for golf courses and sports fields. 50 Select options; Sold out! Turf Blue Pro Kentucky Bluegrass Blend $ 356. bags Endurance Kentucky Bluegrass: $4. Grass Type: Bewitched Kentucky bluegrass Lawn Size: 20000-1 acre Level: Some Experience. 0 lbs. The label list the percentage based on weight not the quantity of seeds. Kentucky Bluegrass Trials . NuGlade Kentucky Bluegrass. Post by kbgfarmer » June 18th, 2017, 10:56 pmLow Input Cultivars (2 lb N/1000 sq ft, mowed at 3. Cool season member lawn journals. $82. Over seeding a Kentucky Blue Grass lawn can be done if you follow these steps. However, it takes work to keep this grass looking its best. 16 posts • Page 1 of 1. by crabgrass » September 5th, 2014, 7:15 pm. Re: Will KBG take over in a northern mix lawn in Wisconsin? Post by kbgfarmer » August 25th, 2016, 8:32 am Thanks. I ascertained that it was due to the Blue Note in the mix. Kentucky bluegrass grows best in cool-season climates with moderate temperatures and adequate moisture. Royal Blue Platinum™ SHOP. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. Resistant to disease and traffic, Pennington Kentucky Bluegrass provides dense, lush and durable grass that is sure to impress your neighbors. If you are looking for Bewitched you’ll have to settle for Blue Tag. As low as $20. 2 pounds of elite bluegrass from SSS goes for $64. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. BrianJE. . Re: Good Blend of Cool Season Grass Seeds. ”. 00. According to USDA, Kentucky bluegrass optimum pH is 5. Call our office with any questions (800-552-1027). Re: Sourcing at SiteOne. 7 8. Jump to page: Previous; 1. Level: Not Specified. Grass Type: Bewitched Kentucky bluegrass Lawn Size: 20000-1 acre Level: Some Experience. 2017 National Ky. Kentucky BlueGrass – Bewitched • From Major League Baseball fields to municipal parks to backyards, Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass has proven itself on a variety of “fields of play” •Drought resistant, highly wear tolerant, and resistant to disease, Bewitched is an exceptionally hardy turfgrass, able to withstand the punishment of heavy use Gardens_Nursery. 2011 National Variety Review Program (NTEP) Kentucky Bluegrass Trial. 38% Test Date: 01/12 Also, any thoughts on using seed that is from last falls over seeding? It has been in. Fullback. The function and intention of the mix will remain unchanged. When weather is favorable, one Kentucky bluegrass plant can produce from 20 to 50 or more feet of rhizomes in five months. 692 posts Page 12 of 35. Texas bluegrass is what I would ditch my Latitude 36 for. Essential Quality could end a Blue Grass Stakes drought of 30 years. Box stores may sell Kentucky Bluegrass but their. 5 lb Bag, 10 lb Bag, 25 lb Bag, 50 lb Bag. 692 posts Page 18 of 35. Lower Side: KBG, TTTF, TTPR, mixed with FF in. 7 SPRING GREEN-UP** BLUEBERRY 7. Paul area. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. 163004 Views. The cost of Kentucky bluegrass is between $150 and $180 per pallet or between $0. Skip to contentThe Lawn Forum. Facebook 0 Twitter Pinterest 0. Product Page | Datasheet. Check out Hancock's Kentucky Bluegrass Seed here. Rating. 7 6. My name is Pete, I'm 34 years old from NW Illinois, I am addicted to lawncare and have been for over 10 years. ( All the references used are from Extension or USDA). View options. on 8/6 and it arrived on 8/12. Backed by years of breeding and research, this premium blend of our best Kentucky Bluegrass varieties was especially formulated to provide dark green lawn grasses. Cool Season Lawn Journals. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. jcs43920 Posts: 16 Joined: June 2nd, 2019, 3:02 pm Location: Northeastern Ohio Grass Type: Bluegrass, Rye blend. 00. Bewitched Kentucky bluegrass grass seed statistical comparison. 167997 Views 691 Replies 89 Participants Last post by Pete1313, Jun 3, 2022 Jump to LatestPete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. 50 - $355. Over-seeding: Sow 1 - 1 1/2 pounds Midnight Bluegrass seed per 1,000 square feet or 40 - 60 lbs per acre for broadcast over-seeding. Post by kbgfarmer » August 17th, 2018, 2. BEWITCHED Kentucky Bluegrass Seed, Platinum Quality™. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. 4 posts • Page 1 of 1. locations: 1-9, where 9 is ideal (LSD=0. It might be due to the high sensitivity of root dry weight (highest reduction compared to shoot dry weight and the longest root length) under. Jump to page: Previous; 1. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. 00. Premium cool season shade mixture. 0. BEWITCHED Kentucky Bluegrass Seed, Platinum Quality™. Product Page | Datasheet. Bring that golf course look to your lawn, park, or sports field with NuGlade's luxurious dark green color and. It is used in residential lawns, athletic fields, and on golf courses. Re: The dreaded grass weed. Same active ingredient as Corsair. Good quality seed at the high end areas in my area (JRK) goes for about $6-8/pound. From my first home(Pic of my oldest daughter. Its current foothold is still in athletic fields and golf courses. Jacklin Seed by Barenbrug - Heisman Mix | 85% Kentucky Bluegrass, 15% Perennial Ryegrass | Certified Grass Seed (5 lbs (2,000 sq ft)) Add to Cart . Jump to page:. There's a place called Ameri-Turf right down the road from them who has "Rhizomatous Tall Fescue (RTF®). Bewitched is a compact type with a low compact growth habit which makes it an excellent candidate for golf course fairways and sod farms. For example, if you mow at 3" and you get 1" of growth in 2 days, you won't get 1" of growth when cutting the same grass at 1" in 2 days. Kentucky bluegrass, Fescue, Rye and Bent, etc. 00. It will be less. Agree with Andy that it shouldn't be used by novices. kbgfarmer Posts: 485 Joined: July 21st, 2016, 10:35 am Location: Verona, WI Grass Type: Bewitched Kentucky bluegrass Lawn Size: 20000-1 acre Level: Some Experience. The strong rhizomes of Kentucky bluegrass can improve the tensile strength of sod. Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass From $ 57. KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS From Major League Baseball fields to municipal parks to backyards, Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass has proven itself on a variety of “fields of play. Cool season member lawn journals. 690 posts Page 4 of 35. Post by kbgfarmer » April 7th, 2017, 8:42 pm Thanks boss! Top. Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass. dull_blade said: I seeded a KY-31 tall fescue and SPF30 hybrid bluegrass (Texas x Kentucky hybrid) mix in Sept. Bentgrass - Fairway/Tee. Grass Type: Bewitched Kentucky bluegrass Lawn Size: 20000-1 acre Level: Some Experience. Three months ago I began preparations to do a small renovation to part of my backyard. 692 posts Page 6 of 35. 50. Highlights of this solid performer include rapid establishment and year-round turf density. Rated number one in many trials for wear tolerance, this dark green and compact Kentucky bluegrass is a great overall performer with excellent turf quality. Mnbadger Posts: 28 Joined: Sun Jun 09, 2019 5:53 pm Location: Minneapolis Grass Type: Kbg, rye Lawn Size: 8,000 Mower: Lawnboy. 2 REVEILLE 6. Velvet Blue Seed Blend. Blue Note. I think they are just in the northern Illinois area. Regular Mowing: Mowing height plays a vital role in the overall health of your Kentucky bluegrass lawn. I am on my second 3,500 Sf2 Spring renovation in 10 years. Cool season member lawn journals. 690 posts Page 25 of 35. In case you haven’t noticed, there appears to be a shortage of Kentucky Bluegrass seed this year. When grown in full sun it earns 4 stars for overall turfgrass. 95Bella kentucky bluegrass plugs. Fullback has excellent seedling vigor and establishment, spring green up, summer density and. 7 posts • Page 1 of 1. Bewitched Description Kentucky Bluegrass is a perennial, cool season, sod forming grass that spreads by underground runners called rhizomes. I am primarily interested in a nice texture and good density, and while I want it pretty green, having it the greenest (like Bewitched) is not as important. These tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass trials used to develop these best performers evaluated 680 tall fescue entries and 454 Kentucky bluegrass entries. vegdeg • 3 yr. Native to Europe and Asia and naturalized in North America, it is widely adapted throughout the cool humid and transitional zones and can be effectively utilized in arid zones with supplemental irrigation. Reply. ( All the references used are from Extension or USDA). 99 for a 10lbs bag. Jump to page:. 3. ), fescues (Festuca spp. ) Parl. If you are looking for Bewitched you’ll have to settle for Blue Tag. From Major League Baseball fields to municipal parks to backyards, Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass has proven itself on a variety of “fields of play. 2001 Data / Management Information. Bewitched KBG monostand in back. 166137 Views. Quandary. Bluegrass Test. Tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, and fine fescues—such as creeping red, chewings, and hard fescue—are cool-season perennial grasses used for lawns in the mountains. It might be due to the high sensitivity of root dry weight (highest reduction compared to shoot dry weight and the longest root length) under. 10 Select options; Tuff Turf Lawn Seed Mixture® From $ 34. . In case you haven’t noticed, there appears to be a shortage of Kentucky Bluegrass seed this year. Disease Resistance. The Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) is amongst the well-known turf-grass lawns in Northern America. Its current foothold is still in athletic fields and golf courses. When taken care of, this grass is among the most lush, dense, and durable lawns you can ever hope to have. Exceptional drought tolerance. I know I'm not going to win the Lawn of the day/month/year award just yet, but I would love some advice. 2 Table A - 2009 Locations, Site Descriptions and Management Practices in. Key Features: Excellent Wear Tolerance; Low Water Requirement; Disease Resistance;. Download PDF. It has ranked in the top tier of trials for the past 8 years for disease resistance, turf quality, drought tolerance, spring green-up, and shade tolerance. /1000 square feet Sports Fields & High Use Areas: 3-5 lbs. This is a popular choice for lawns because of. BACK: Hogan's TTTF with SPF30 HBG Lawn Size: Not Specified Level: Not SpecifiedSS9000 Perennial Ryegrass Blend. Key Features: Excellent Wear Tolerance; Low Water Requirement; Disease Resistance; Shade Tolerant; Dark Green Genetic Color . Check out Hancock's Kentucky Bluegrass Seed here. (Maybe a bit less). Cool Season Lawn Journals. $82. Bewitched demonstrated excellent shade tolerance in the Rutgers, NJ shade trail. Kentucky Bluegrass (KBG) is a cool season grass not native to the North America. Just get Blue Bank from SSS. It exhibits strong color, desirable texture, exceptional disease resistance and drought tolerance. Mean Quality. Call us (716) 895-7333grass seed, turfgrass seed, lawn seed. Seed Selection. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. Post by seiyafan » October 4th, 2016, 10:25 amKentucky bluegrass is well adapted to a moderate climate with average daily summer temperatures below 90 degrees F, soil pH of 6. Finding KBG seed 2022. Cool season member lawn journals. With exceptional turfgrass quality, Bluegrass is widely adapted in the northern half of the US. Test results can be used by national companies and plant breeders to determine the broad picture of the adaptation of a cultivar. /1000 sq. Native to Europe and Asia and naturalized in North America, it is widely adapted throughout the cool humid and transitional zones and can. 00 A new elite very dark green with excellent heat tolerance and disease resistance. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. Cool season member lawn journals. 8) GENETIC COLOR NTEP 2006-10 data. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. Grass Type: Bewitched Kentucky bluegrass Lawn Size: 20000-1 acre Level: Some Experience. This perennial, cool season, sod forming lawn grass is grown in arid zones too w/ supplemental water. Seed Express; Customizer; Fertilizer. *Excellent disease resistance *Use in full sun to partial shade. 2017), "Park" and "Bewitched" Kentucky bluegrass showed a lower germination reduction (17. Sure Shot makes an. P-105 Kentucky. Has a high degree of heat and drought tolerance. Bewitched (A99-2041) is a compact type with a low compact growth habit which makes it an excellent candidate for golf course fairways and sod farms due to it's reduced vertical growth rates and 1/2 inch height of cut. This variety is commonly used in high-traffic areas such as parks and playgrounds. Starr's winter color is superior to that of many. I know you all say it's not the best time to seed but I the best law. 50 - $355. There was only one way to truly find out how. 692 posts Page 9 of 35. jskierko TLF Supporter Posts: 642 Joined: Sat Sep 05, 2020 11:37 am Location: Avon, IN Grass Type: Bewitched KBG Lawn Size: 18,000 Mower: Timemaster/Swardman/GM1600 Timemaster/Swardman/GM1600BEWITCHED KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS TWIN CITY SEED CO. When selecting a KBG cultivar it is important to choose one of the new elite varieties. 2005 National Variety Review Program (NTEP) Kentucky Bluegrass Trial Final Report 2006-10 . 00 - $207. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. SIZE: 10 LBS 50 LBS 25 LBS. 00% Other 0. Eric Watkins, Professor, Turfgrass Breeding and Genetics. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. Product Page | Datasheet. * Hi Input (a)한지형 잔디 켄터키 블루그라스(Kentucky Bluegrass) greenfox. This perennial, cool. Post by kbgfarmer » September 16th, 2016, 9:35 am Ran across a thread here about different volt electric motors. diseases. 50 Select options; Sold out! Turf Blue Pro Kentucky Bluegrass Blend $ 356. BEWITCHED Kentucky Bluegrass Seed, Platinum Quality™. BOX 1867 ALBANY, OR 97321 PH: (541) 791-4447 FAX: (541) 791-1701. At 10 pounds that drops to $11/pound. Bewitched KBG monostand in back. We wont have Blueberry or Bewitched in stock again until spring 2021. KBG on steroids really. 60 LS 4000 (RAD-343) Radix Research 100 BAR VV 0665 Barenbrug USA *21 Julia Standard Entry 61 RAD-762 Seeds, Inc. S. Jump to page: Previous; 1. 2. 25% NuDestiny Kentucky Bluegrass 15% Midnight Kentucky Bluegrass 25% Impact Kentucky Bluegrass 10% Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass 25% Beyond Kentucky Bluegrass The KBG blend has started to germinate and the new grass is not coming in a thick as I would like. Genetic color ratings of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars grown in twenty U. I have a friend who just bought a house and is planning on getting one. My front lawn had serious issues when I inherited, the grass was thin and the ground was rock hard. 0 according to Penn State Extension. High Score. View View Bedazzled Kentucky Bluegrass. Level: Not Specified. 70 Select options; Sold out! Turf Blue HGT Kentucky Bluegrass Blend Read more; ECO SEED™ (Low Grow Fescue) Mix From $ 44. Post by turf_toes » August 14th, 2014, 11:11 pm I decided to redo the backyard this year. Option. High Input (a) Low Input (b) Northeast . That said, grass has a wide tolerance,. View options Questions or Requests?Kentucky bluegrass, Fescue, Rye and Bent, etc. New Home with a discolored lawn. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. Seeding Rate: 3. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. Salinity tolerance of 12 turfgrasses in four groups, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L. They go much more into the details of application rate and timing, and pros/cons of herbicide use than any label will. Some of the newer cultivars may not currently be available in our market. 692 posts Page 6 of 35. ], was evaluated using three germination methods. Stover Seed: A leading supplier of golf course grass seeds along with an extensive supply of Kentucky bluegrass seed, Kikuyu grass, and more for golf courses. O. 8. 692 posts Page 10 of 35. locations: 1-9, where 9 is ideal (LSD=0. I wonder if. It has a medium texture and forms a dense, attractive turf. Buying New Blades. Kentucky bluegrass is considered by many as the ideal lawn grass. Near perfect resistance to dollar spot, leaf spot and stem rust; Tops in NTEP shade trial; Excellent dark green color; Compact growth habit excellent for use in low mowing environments; SKU. National Variety Review Program (NTEP) 2005 Kentucky Bluegrass Trial. Kentucky bluegrass prefers well-draining soils with a pH level of 6. It exhibits strong color, desirable texture, exceptional disease resistance and drought tolerance. From my first home(Pic of my oldest daughter. Photo by Dr. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. Reminder that most *sulfuron products (like Sertay/Certainty/Negate 37) can injure/kill most cool season grasses. 70 Select options; Mazama Kentucky Bluegrass From $ 56. #3 · Jan 2, 2019. Bedazzled. Varieties in this mix will include 3 of the following Elite and Improved Bluegrasses: Prosperity , Rhapsody , Bewitched, Blueberry, Bedazzled, Award, Midnight & Everglade. SureShot incorporates the very latest of a new generation of Kentucky Bluegrass varieties that will tolerate mowing heights as low as ½” and still maintain a uniform density. Pete1313 Reel Mowed Bewitched Kentucky Bluegrass Renovation. Bluegrass. Blue Note Kentucky Bluegrass: Rapid germination and establishment with superior resistance to major. Cool season member lawn journals. Shade tolerant but loves the sun too! Price List; Seed. I don't have photos of a full reno yet, but I would suggest a 3-way blend of Bewitched/Mazama/Beyond. This new variety has demonstrated both resistance to traffic stress and exceptional recovery. Cool season member lawn journals. Mazama tested at the top for genetic color in the 2016 NTEP trials. . This will promote leaf growth, allowing for regular mowing, in a time where Kentucky bluegrass is typically slow-growing.